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Headless Drupal is an innovative way to use Drupal. In this blog we'll tell you everything you need to know about the concept, the pro's and cons and more...

In this blogpost, I'll show you how to get your meta tags working in your headless Drupal (Next.js) application.

To deliver a frictionless digital experience as efficiently as possible, headless offers you the perfect solution. In this blog we explain how we got there.

Dropsolid Experience Cloud is both capable of satisfying marketers and developers, enterprise customers, and agencies. While staying secure and compliant.

A DXP is a software to build, manage, deploy and continually optimize digital experiences across multiple channels such as websites, portals, emails and mobile.

Preston So, a dynamic figure in software development, showcases a rich career spanning diverse roles within the tech industry, emphasizing a leadership philosophy rooted in empathy and adaptability. Preston demonstrates a deep commitment to open-source principles and community-driven development through his extensive involvement in the Drupal community and his contributions to projects and events. His approach to tackling technical challenges and passion for sharing knowledge and fostering innovation exemplifies his impact on the Drupal ecosystem and the broader tech landscape. Explore the complete interview for further insights.

Exciting news! TDT has been announced as an official media partner for DrupalCon Barcelona. Get ready for comprehensive coverage, exclusive interviews, and event highlights brought to you by TDT. Stay tuned for all the latest updates from DrupalCon Barcelona.

The Drop Times partners with Drupal Iberia 2024 Évora, a landmark event fostering collaboration within the Drupal community.

Starting on September 30, 2024, Google no longer allows you to enable the less secure apps. Learn how to add app-specific passwords for your Google Account.Sending Drupal 10 website Emails through Googles SMTP

To ensure your Drupal 10 website can send emails, like password reset links, you must configure the SMTP Module, especially after Google’s policy change on September 30, 2024, which prohibits the use of less secure apps. This guide will show you how to set up the SMTP Module in Drupal 10 for sending password reset emails and other form submissions via Gmail.

Before you begin, ensure you have the necessary tools. You will need Composer and Drush installed on your computer. Additionally, you must have access to a Gmail account and its password, which will be used to send the emails. Follow these steps to configure SMTP in Drupal 10, ensuring your site’s email functionality is uninterrupted by Google’s security updates.

Note: The instructions below are for a standard Gmail and have not been tested on a Google Workspace email address.

Download and Enable the Module

• First, you must download and enable the module.
  - We are going to use composer to download and then a drush command to enable it. Or you could just enable the module in the

composer require 'drupal/smtp'

drush en smtp -yConfigure the SMTP Module in Drupal

• Navigate to the configuration page admin/config/system/smtp
• Under Turn this module on or off select On.
• Under SMTP server enter the following smtp.gmail.com. Leave SMTP backup server blank
• Under SMTP port enter 587
• Under Use encrypted protocol select Use TLS
• Under E-MAIL OPTIONS use the same Gmail address as you did above and enter an E-mail from name

Update Gmail Account Settings

• Login to your Gmail account at https://myaccount.google.com/
• On the account homepage, click Sign-in & security or navigate to https://myaccount.google.com/security
• Turn on 2-factor authentication and enter your phone numbers

Create App-Specific Password for GMAIL

• Visit https://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords
• Name your app — XYZ Drupal Website
• Copy the password and enter this password into the SMTP Module password location.

How to Configure the SMTP Module in Drupal 10 with Gmail, Since Google Removed Less Secure Apps was originally published in Drupal Atlanta on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Drush, the brilliant command-line tool for Drupal, is capable of giving you its output in several ways. Its global --format parameter can be set to a type that you can use in useful ways. Most recently, I found this incredibly useful when I had made some configuration changes through Drupal's admin pages, and needed to then script those changes to automatically apply to hundreds of sites on a platform we manage.

I simply asked Drush for the value of the configuration I had set, formatted as the PHP code to set those values. Then I could drop that into our PHP automatic update script. Here are two examples - one getting just a single property of a block placement, and another for the whole settings object for a module.

# Get the visibility conditions of my block. drush config:get block.block.myblock visibility --format=var_export # Get the whole settings singleton for my module. drush config:get mymodule.settings --format=var_export

The var_export format provides the output using PHP's traditional array syntax, instead of the default YAML (which matches the format of config export files). Here's an example of the output for another type of configuration, an action:

array ( 'uuid' => 'faaaea7f-d377-4b9c-bbfb-bd1b9c562050', 'langcode' => 'en', 'status' => true, 'dependencies' => array ( 'module' => array ( 0 => 'mymodule', ), ), '_core' => array ( 'default_config_hash' => 'vvt7bzrXEwxrTfY--axzCfSRPzggH0o4hahUY9Kh0z0', ), 'id' => 'mymodule_foo_action', 'label' => 'An example action', 'type' => 'webform', 'plugin' => 'mymodule_foo_action', 'configuration' => array ( ), )

Then I could just copy the output and paste it into a post-update hook. My IDE makes it easier to prettify the code to match Drupal's coding standards and switch to PHP's newer short array syntax. I also removed all the bits that I could leave to be dynamic; like the uuid, _core, and empty configuration properties in the action example above. I can then either use the entity storage for my type of entity to save the configuration, or just use the Configuration Factory service more directly:

$data = // (Paste & adapt the output from drush for this variable.) // Example of using the config factory. $config = \Drupal::configFactory()->getEditable('block.block.myblock'); // Using `setData()` will replace the entire config array. We could instead // use `set()` for individual properties. $config->setData($data)->save(); // Alternatively use the entity type storage and specific methods, when // available. Create new entities with `$storage->create($settings)->save()`. $storage = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('block'); $storage->load('myblock')->set('settings', $data['settings'])->save();

We tend to automate Drupal core's configuration management on most of our projects - but not always. Even where we don't, there is usually some config that we exclude from the automated management - usually to allow clients to make changes in the admin UI without needing to access the codebase. So this is a handy trick to have available when you just need to script some changes outside of config management.

Under the hood, the consolidation/output-formatters library is what provides output formatters. If you run drush help version you can get a list of other standard formatters, which includes:

yaml

The key-value format usually used for configuration exports.

csv

Comma-separated values; ideal for simple lists

php

The format that PHP's internal serialize() method produces.

var_dump

Probably my new favourite; as produces coloured syntax highlighting in the terminal output! It is powered by Symfony's VarDumper component. I have found this particularly useful recently when debugging the output from a remote API endpoint, to help me visually parse clumps of output.

As a bonus, this can be useful for quickly loading up an entity to inspect its field values:

getStorage('taxonomy_term')->load(11)->toArray());" --format=var_dump`" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="9930f0b8-e138-4ae8-8432-1e42a2e7086b" src="https://www.computerminds.co.uk/sites/default/files/inline-images/drush-var-dumping.png" width="692" height="834" loading="lazy" /> My output from drush php-eval "return array_filter(\\Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('subscriber')->load(127)->toArray());" --format=var_dump

...which feels rather like a good case for a custom drush command, just taking an entity type and ID as arguments ;-)

What other handy uses of specifying an output format can you come up with? Let me know!

The Drupal community has continuously sought ways to enhance the performance and efficiency of Drupal sites. The performance testing framework Gander has been part of Drupal core since version 10.2. The result of joint efforts between the Google Chrome team and Tag1 Consulting, this powerful tool is specifically designed to optimize Drupal performance. Optimized performance ensures that sites are not only fast but also efficient and sustainable. Today, we will take a closer look at how Gander played a crucial role in improving the Drupal core test suite runtime by 10%. ## Identifying A Core Performance Issue Gander's impact on Drupal development was recently highlighted by its identification of a performance issue within Drupal core. The issue (#3410312) reported a particular code section being called redundantly during automated test runs and on live websites, resulting in delays. ### The Bottleneck Identified Drupal is designed to use the flood system for user logins. It first checks if a flood protection table exists in the database. If it does not exist, Drupal postpones the creation of the table until it needs to write to it instead of creating the missing table immediately. What can happen is...

Read more janez Wed, 04/03/2024 - 02:00

Welcome back to “Skills Upgrade” a Talking Drupal mini-series following the journey of a D7 developer learning D10. This is episode 5.

Topics

• Review Chad's goals for the previous week

  • .gitignore
  • Field Example module
  • Plugin API
  • Drupaal 10 Masterclass book

• Review Chad's questions

  • Field Example follow up

• Tasks for the upcoming week

  • Examples module: js_example module
    • js_example.libraries.yml
    • hook_theme() implementation in js_example.module
    • JsExampleController
    • template files

Resources

.gitignore Drupal 10 Masterclass Modernizing Drupal 10 Theme Development Chad's Drupal 10 Learning Curriclum & Journal Chad's Drupal 10 Learning Notes

The Linux Foundation is offering a discount of 30% off e-learning courses, certifications and bundles with the code, all uppercase DRUPAL24 and that is good until June 5th https://training.linuxfoundation.org/certification-catalog/

Hosts

AmyJune Hineline - @volkswagenchick

Guests

Chad Hester - chadkhester.com @chadkhest Mike Anello - DrupalEasy.com @ultimike

The purpose of this tutorial is to explain how to set up a best practice local environment for Drupal multisite, including on Acquia Site Factory:

1. Configure Lando to support wildcard DNS.
2. In settings.php, set an "App ID" to use in code for a specific multisite in any environment.
3. In settings.php, set database, public files, memcache prefix, Solr core, and other settings per "App ID".
4. Configure Drush aliases per multisite and per environment.
5. Write bash scripts to push and pull sites using these aliases.

1. Configure Lando with wildcard DNS

   Lando is a docker orchestration framework for development environments.

   There

The categories The Splash Awards categories for 2024 were: Corporate Government (Federal) Government (State/local) Open source An overall winner Congratulations to all the winners, runner-ups and nominees! Salsa is proud to have three nominees ( GovCMS , Bendigo Courts and Drupal360 ) and one runner-up, wa.gov.au .

Discover the future of Drupal and the open-source community in our exclusive interview with Tim Doyle, CEO of the Drupal Association. Learn about the innovative Open Web Alliance, Drupal's journey as a Digital Public Good, and the strategic plans shaping the platform's future. Dive into Tim's vision for a collaborative, inclusive, and technologically advanced Drupal ecosystem that champions the open web. Don't miss these insightful revelations and strategies set to redefine the landscape of open-source content management systems.

I am pleased to share the schedule for the upcoming 2024 DrupalCon Nonprofit Summit. There is a special rate ($395.00) for nonprofit org staff, and those who are affiliated with nonprofits, and the summit is included free with your ticket! You can register here.

Relying on community feedback and past experience, we put together an agenda that we hope encompasses the spirit of open source camaraderie and will provide nourishment for the mind and soul. We tried to balance the technical with the strategy and networking with expertise. We look forward to seeing you there.

Agenda 9:00 am - 9:15 am: Welcome and overview

Julia Kranzthor

9:15 am - 10:30 am: Why Should Nonprofits Use Drupal? The Case for Owning Your Own Data and Using Drupal to Manage It.

Fireside Chat with Tim Lehnen, Johanna Bates, and Jess Snyder

10:30 am - 10:45 am: Break 10:45 am -11:00 am: Sponsor Case Study #1 11:00 am - 12:15 pm: Breakout Sessions

Round Table Discussions

• Using Drupal to Promote Engagement With Your Audience: Tools, Challenges, and Measurement

• Web Analytics for Nonprofits: Google Analytics 4 and Alternatives.

• Thriving as a Lone Wolf: Navigating the Challenges of Being the Only Drupalist at a Nonprofit

• Migrating from Drupal 7 to Drupal 10

• Managing a Major Website Rebuild/Migration

• Birds of a Feather: Topic to be determined on-site

12:15 pm - 1:15 pm: Lunch

A time for relaxing, and networking if you feel like it.

1:15 pm - 2:30 pm: Breakout Sessions

Round Table Discussions

• Web Accessibility and Site Governance

• Using Drupal in Small Nonprofits with Limited Staff and Financial Resources

• Preparing for Impact on Your Website Redesign

• Development and Hosting Challenges for Nonprofits

• Leveraging CiviCRM with Drupal: Open Source CRM for Contact Management and Engagement Tracking

• Birds of a Feather: Topic to be determined on-site

2:30 pm - 2:45 pm: Sponsor Case Study #2 2:45 pm - 3:00 pm: Break 3:00 pm - 4:00 pm: Drupal 10 Migration: How to Stop Kicking the Can (of Worms) Down the Road

Panel discussion with Tim Lehnen and Fran Garcia-Linares

4:00 pm - 5:00 pm: Optional Networking

Wrap up conversations, visit with colleagues.

TL;DR: I’m requesting members of the Drupal community to help my research about the need for a bookmarking tool by responding a super quick survey.

As part of my dissertation work for my bachelor’s degree, I’m unsurprisingly working in something related to Drupal. After a lot of consideration regarding a project that could be within a reasonable scope but also allowed me to contribute a little bit to the Drupal ecosystem, a chat with Cristina and Christian helped me decide to work in the shortcut module, and try to make improvements before it is marked to be removed to core – and try to avoid that because I believe it could be a useful tool for both the navigation and the dashboards initiatives.

But first things first.

One of the elements I am looking to explore the most in my research is the full process of the contribution, from identifying the issue to solve, get quantitative data through a survey in the community to establish that the problem is worth solving it, then propose a solution and get feedback on it.

I would appreciate it a lot if you could help me achieve my goal by answering the survey I’ve prepared.

#Drupal

Discuss...

At MidCamp a few weeks ago, Martin Anderson-Clutz tapped me on the shoulder to check out a Smart Date issue for compatibility with Drupal 10.2. As of Drupal 10.2, ListItemBase::extractAllowedValues takes an array as its first argument versus a string. The method used to explode a newline separated string into an array for its callers. I took a look at the issue. The change affected the parseValues method in the SmartDateListItemBase class. The parseValues method takes the field's values and passes them to extractAllowedValues, the method with a changed signature in Drupal 11.

The original method contained the following:

Are you able to imagine a world where your code functions flawlessly, your bugs are scared of your testing routine and your users can enjoy a seamless experience - free from crashes and errors? Well, this only means that you understand the importance of automated testing.  With automated testing, Drupal developers can elevate the code quality, streamline workflows, and fortify digital ecosystems against errors and bugs. Drupal offers 4 types of PHPUnit tests: Unit, Kernel, Functional, and Functional Javascript. In this blog post, we'll explore PHPUnit tests and Kernel tests. Setting Up PHPUnit in Drupal For setting up PHPUnit in Drupal, the recommended method by Drupal is composer-based: $ composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit --with-dependencies $ composer require behat/mink && composer require --dev phpspec/prophecy(Note  -  PHPUnit version 11 requires PHP 8.2, This blog is written for Drupal 10 and PHP 8.1)Once PHPUnit and its dependencies are installed, the next step involves creating and configuring the phpunit.xml file. Locate the phpunit.xml.dist file in the core folder of Drupal installation. Copy and paste this file into the docroot directory and rename it to phpunit.xml (it is recommended to keep the file in docroot directory instead of core so that it won't get affected by core updates). Create simpletest and browser_output directories. In order to run tests like Kernel and Functional we need to create these two directories and set the permissions to writable $ mkdir -p docroot/sites/simpletest/browser_output && chmod -R 777 docroot/sites/simpletestTo run the test locally, we need to configure some values in phpunit.xml e.g, Change 1 - <env name="SIMPLETEST_BASE_URL" value="" /> to <env name="SIMPLETEST_BASE_URL" value="https://yoursiteurl.com" /> 2 - <env name="SIMPLETEST_DB" value="" /> to <env name="SIMPLETEST_DB" value="mysql://username:password@yourdbhost/databasename" /> 3 - <env name="BROWSERTEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY" value="" /> to <env name="BROWSERTEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY" value="fullpath/docroot/sites/simpletest/browser_output" /> (Note - To check the full path of your app run from project root) $ pwdSetting Up PHPUnit with Lando If you want to run your test from lando you’ll need to configure .lando.yml file. We’ll leave the defaults for most of the values in the phpunit.xml file except for where to find the bootstrap.php file. This should be changed to the path in the Lando container, which will be /app/web/core/tests/bootstrap.php. This can be done with sed: $ sed -i 's|tests\/bootstrap\.php|/app/web/core/tests/bootstrap.php|g' phpunit.xml Next, edit the .lando.yml file and add the following: services:  appserver:    overrides:      environment:        SIMPLETEST_BASE_URL: "http://mysite.lndo.site"        SIMPLETEST_DB: "mysql://database:database@database/database"        MINK_DRIVER_ARGS_WEBDRIVER: '["chrome", {"browserName":"chrome","chromeOptions":{"args":["--disable-gpu","--headless"]}}, "http://chrome:9515"]'  chrome:    type: compose    services:      image: drupalci/webdriver-chromedriver:production      command: chromedriver --log-path=/tmp/chromedriver.log --verbose --whitelisted-ips= tooling:  test:    service: appserver    cmd: "php /app/vendor/bin/phpunit -c /app/phpunit.xml"Modify SIMPLETEST_BASE_URL and SIMPLETEST_DB to point to your lando site and database credentials as needed.This does three things: Adds environment variables to the appserver container (the one we’ll run the tests in). Adds a new container for the chromedriver image which is used for running headless javascript tests (more on that later). A tooling section that adds a test command to Lando to run our tests. Important!After updating the .lando.yml file we need to rebuild the containers with the following:$ lando rebuild -yLets run a single test with lando $ lando test core/modules/datetime/tests/src/Unit/Plugin/migrate/field/DateFiedTest.phpWithout Lando — Verify the tests are working by running core test.(Note — I keep my phpunit.xml file in docroot folder and will be running test from docroot directory.)$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core core/modules/datetime/tests/src/Unit/Plugin/migrate/field/DateFiedTest.php What is a PHPUnit Test PHPUnit tests are utilized to test small blocks of code and functionalities that do not necessitate a complete Drupal installation. These tests allow us to evaluate the functionality of a class within the Drupal environment, encompassing aspects like Database, Settings, etc. Moreover, they do not require a web browser, as the Drupal environment can be substituted by a "mock" object. Before writing unit tests, we should remember the following things: Base Class — \Drupal\Tests\UnitTestCaseTo implement a unit test case we need to extend our test class with the base classNamespace — \Drupal\Tests\mymodule\Unit (or subdirectory)We need to specify a namespace for our testDirectory location — mymodule/tests/src/Unit (or subdirectory)To run the test, the test class must reside in the above-mentioned directory. Write Your First PHPUnit Test Step 1: Create a custom module Step 2: Create the event_example.info.yml file for the custom module name: Events Exampletype: moduledescription: Provides an example of subscribing to and dispatching events.package: Customcore_version_requirement: ^9.4 || ^10 Step 3: Create event_example.services.yml file services: # Give your service a unique name, convention is to prefix service names with # the name of the module that implements them. events_example_subscriber:  # Point to the class that will contain your implementation of  # \Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface  class: Drupal\events_example\EventSubscriber\EventsExampleSubscriber  tags:  - {name: event_subscriber}Step 4: Create events_example/src/EventSubscriber/EvensExampleSubscriber.php file for our class. <?php namespace Drupal\events_example\EventSubscriber; use Drupal\events_example\Event\IncidentEvents; use Drupal\events_example\Event\IncidentReportEvent; use Drupal\Core\Messenger\MessengerTrait; use Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\StringTranslationTrait; use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface; /** * Subscribe to IncidentEvents::NEW_REPORT events and react to new reports. * * In this example we subscribe to all IncidentEvents::NEW_REPORT events and * point to two different methods to execute when the event is triggered. In * each method we have some custom logic that determines if we want to react to * the event by examining the event object, and the displaying a message to the * user indicating whether or not that method reacted to the event. * * By convention, classes subscribing to an event live in the * Drupal/{module_name}/EventSubscriber namespace. * * @ingroup events_example */ class EventsExampleSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface {  use StringTranslationTrait;  use MessengerTrait;  /**   * {@inheritdoc}   */  public static function getSubscribedEvents() {    // Return an array of events that you want to subscribe to mapped to the    // method on this class that you would like called whenever the event is    // triggered. A single class can subscribe to any number of events. For    // organization purposes it's a good idea to create a new class for each    // unique task/concept rather than just creating a catch-all class for all    // event subscriptions.    //    // See EventSubscriberInterface::getSubscribedEvents() for an explanation    // of the array's format.    //    // The array key is the name of the event your want to subscribe to. Best    // practice is to use the constant that represents the event as defined by    // the code responsible for dispatching the event. This way, if, for    // example, the string name of an event changes your code will continue to    // work. You can get a list of event constants for all events triggered by    // core here:    // https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/core%21core.api.php/group/events/8.2.x.    //    // Since any module can define and trigger new events there may be    // additional events available in your application. Look for classes with    // the special @Event docblock indicator to discover other events.    //    // For each event key define an array of arrays composed of the method names    // to call and optional priorities. The method name here refers to a method    // on this class to call whenever the event is triggered.    $events[IncidentEvents::NEW_REPORT][] = ['notifyMario'];    // Subscribers can optionally set a priority. If more than one subscriber is    // listening to an event when it is triggered they will be executed in order    // of priority. If no priority is set the default is 0.    $events[IncidentEvents::NEW_REPORT][] = ['notifyBatman', -100];    // We'll set an event listener with a very low priority to catch incident    // types not yet defined. In practice, this will be the 'cat' incident.    $events[IncidentEvents::NEW_REPORT][] = ['notifyDefault', -255];    return $events;  }  /**   * If this incident is about a missing princess, notify Mario.   *   * Per our configuration above, this method is called whenever the   * IncidentEvents::NEW_REPORT event is dispatched. This method is where you   * place any custom logic that you want to perform when the specific event is   * triggered.   *   * These responder methods receive an event object as their argument. The   * event object is usually, but not always, specific to the event being   * triggered and contains data about application state and configuration   * relative to what was happening when the event was triggered.   *   * For example, when responding to an event triggered by saving a   * configuration change you'll get an event object that contains the relevant   * configuration object.   *   * @param \Drupal\events_example\Event\IncidentReportEvent $event   *   The event object containing the incident report.   */  public function notifyMario(IncidentReportEvent $event) {    // You can use the event object to access information about the event passed    // along by the event dispatcher.    if ($event->getType() == 'stolen_princess') {      $this->messenger()->addStatus($this->t('Mario has been alerted. Thank you. This message was set by an event subscriber. See @method()', ['@method' => __METHOD__]));      // Optionally use the event object to stop propagation.      // If there are other subscribers that have not been called yet this will      // cause them to be skipped.      $event->stopPropagation();    }  }  /**   * Let Batman know about any events involving the Joker.   *   * @param \Drupal\events_example\Event\IncidentReportEvent $event   *   The event object containing the incident report.   */  public function notifyBatman(IncidentReportEvent $event) {    if ($event->getType() == 'joker') {      $this->messenger()->addStatus($this->t('Batman has been alerted. Thank you. This message was set by an event subscriber. See @method()', ['@method' => __METHOD__]));      $event->stopPropagation();    }  }  /**   * Handle incidents not handled by the other handlers.   *   * @param \Drupal\events_example\Event\IncidentReportEvent $event   *   The event object containing the incident report.   */  public function notifyDefault(IncidentReportEvent $event) {    $this->messenger()->addStatus($this->t('Thank you for reporting this incident. This message was set by an event subscriber. See @method()', ['@method' => __METHOD__]));    $event->stopPropagation();  }  /**   * @param $string String   *   Simple function to check string.   */  public function checkString($string) {    return $string ? TRUE : FALSE;  } }Step 5: Create tests/src/Unit/EventsExampleUnitTest.php file for our UnitTest <?php namespace Drupal\Tests\events_example\Unit; use Drupal\Tests\UnitTestCase; use Drupal\events_example\EventSubscriber\EventsExampleSubscriber; /** * Test events_example EventsExampleSubscriber functionality * * @group events_example * * @ingroup events_example */ class EventsExampleUnitTest extends UnitTestCase {    /**     * event_example EventsExampleSubscriber object.     *     * @var-object     */    protected $eventExampleSubscriber;    /**     * {@inheritdoc}     */     protected function setUp(): void {        $this->eventExampleSubscriber = new EventsExampleSubscriber();        parent::setUp();     }    /**     * Test simple function that returns true if string is present.     */    public function testHasString() {      $this->assertEqual(TRUE, $this->eventExampleSubscriber->checkString('Some String'));    }  }Important Notes: Test class name should start or end with “Test”. For example, EventsExampleUnitTest and it should extend with the base class UnitTestCase. Test function should start with “test”. For example, testHasString otherwise it will not be included in test run. Step 6: Let’s run our test! $ lando test modules/custom/events_example/tests/src/Unit/EventsExampleUnitTest.phpor$ ../vender/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/events_example/tests/src/Unit/EventsExampleUnitTest.php PHPUnit 9.6.17 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. Testing Drupal\Tests\events_example\Unit\EventsExampleUnitTest.                                                                   1 / 1 (100%) Time: 00:00.054, Memory: 10.00 MB OK (1 test, 1 assertion) Hooray! Our test has passed! Write Your First Kernel Test These tests necessitate specific Drupal environment dependencies, with no requirement for web browsers. They allow us to assess class functionality without the full Drupal setup or web browsers. However, certain Drupal environment dependencies are indispensable and cannot be easily mocked. Kernel tests are capable of accessing services, databases, and minimal file systems.Below are the essential prerequisites to consider when running kernel tests. Base Class — \Drupal\KernelTests\KernelTestBaseTo implement the Kernel test we need to extend our test class with the base classNamespace — \Drupal\Tests\mymodule\Kernel (or subdirectory)We need to specify a namespace for our testDirectory location — mymodule/tests/src/Kernel (or subdirectory)To run the test, the test class must reside in the above-mentioned directory.Create tests/src/Kernel/EventsExampleServiceTest.php file for our Kernel Test <?php namespace Drupal\Tests\events_example\Kernel; use Drupal\KernelTests\KernelTestBase; use Drupal\events_example\EventSubscriber\EventsExampleSubscriber; /** * Test to ensure 'events_example_subscriber' service is reachable. * * @group events_example * * @ingroup events_example */ class EventsExampleServiceTest extends KernelTestBase {  /**   * {@inheritdoc}   */  protected static $modules = ['events_example'];  /**   * Test for existence of 'events_example_subscriber' service.   */  public function testEventsExampleService() {    $subscriber = $this->container->get('events_example_subscriber');    $this->assertInstanceOf(EventsExampleSubscriber::class, $subscriber);  } }Important Notes: The test class name should start or end with “Test”, for example, EventsExampleServiceTest and it should extend with base class KernelTestBase.  The kernel test should include modules that have dependencies. For example , “$modules = [‘events_example’]” we can include other dependent modules here like “$modules = [‘events_example’, ‘user’, ‘field’]” . It acts like dependency injection. The test function should start with “test”, for example, testEventsExampleService otherwise it will not be included in the test run.Let's run our Kernel Test.$ lando test modules/custom/events_example/tests/src/Kernel/EventsExampleServiceTest.phpor$ ../vender/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/events_example/tests/src/Kernel/EventsExampleServiceTest.php PHPUnit 9.6.17 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. Testing Drupal\Tests\events_example\Kernel\EventsExampleServiceTest.                                                                   1 / 1 (100%) Time: 01:24.129, Memory: 10.00 MB OK (1 test, 1 assertion) Woohoo! Another successful test in the books! Final Thoughts What next after writing your first test case using PHPUnit and Kernel testing? Well, you can proceed to write more test cases to cover other functionalities or edge cases in your Drupal project. Additionally, you may want to consider integrating your test suite into a continuous integration(CI) pipeline to automate testing and ensure code quality throughout your development process.

Venture into the realm of alternatives to Paragraphs and Layout Builder with the third installment of the Drupal Page Builder series by André Angelantoni, Senior Drupal Architect at HeroDevs, showcased on The DropTimes. This segment navigates through a variety of server-side rendered page generation solutions, offering a closer look at innovative modules that provide a broader range of page-building capabilities beyond Drupal's native tools. From the adaptability of Component Builder and the intuitive DXPR Page Builder to the cutting-edge HAX module utilizing W3C-standard web components, this article illuminates a path for developers seeking polished, ready-made components for their site builds. Before exploring advanced Drupal solutions, ensure you're caught up by reading the first two parts of the series, laying the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of Drupal's extensive page-building ecosystem.